Management of Hazardous Materials in a Dental Office Assignment

Management of Hazardous Materials in a Dental Office - Assignment Example Employers should provide for their employees in a dental office the necessary equipment to protect them from bloodborne pathogens. Such devices include syringes whose needle is shielded with a sheath after use and needles that can be drawn back into a syringe immediately after use to avoid pricking or exposure of extracted blood. Taps with constant running water should also be availed for use in cleaning eyes in case of exposure. Gloves are also a necessity as it is hazardous to handle blood with bare hands. An employee should also get a means to flush any secretions, saliva or mucous membranes in the case of exposure. Safe disposal of sharp objects is vital in preventing exposure to bloodborne pathogens among dental care workers. This safe disposal involves the use of sharp containers which are puncture-resistant. Such should be labeled correctly and placed out of reach of children and other patients. They should also be waterproof to prevent the flow of infected blood from them. The sharp containers should have an opening wide enough to allow easy placement of disposable sharp objects and should never be over-filled. Once full, it should be safely sealed and disposed of. MSDS is a document outline the safety and emergency procedure for workers in terms of handling a substance, its physical data, and storage requirements, how to dispose of it and how to act in case it spills. Such information safeguards workers against poor handling of hazardous substances and identifies the dangers of contact and contamination. MSDS can vary by country and supplier. A color code, combined with a 0 to 4 number rating, was developed to assist in compliance with OSHA communication standards in terms of identifying hazards.  

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 5 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 5 SLP - Essay Example The pricing for the other products X6 and X7 have to undergo strategic analysis and appropriate changes in order to retain and improve the company based on the remaining two products. The New Year celebration comes at the beginning of the year 2016, but we realize that the celebration experience was not valuable because the year 2015 did not end with better performance. This calls for an analysis of the performance of the last two years so as to determine the major causes of low performance and make better decisions for the future. As we compare the results for the last two Time Warps, we allocate appropriate decisions that will improve the performance for 2016. We then take the results through the analysis of Cost, Volume and Profit to determine the differences in results obtained. Simulation We begin simulation by analyzing each product separately. Based on the decision to discontinue product X5 in the year 2015, we will first have an analysis of the products X6 and X7, then a sepa rate analysis for product X5 in order to know whether to remain as discontinues or return to the market. We will have the simulation results as follows: Product X6 The X6 has existed for the last 5 years, and was discontinued for 2016 as a result of having attained market saturation point. ... Its pricing depends on parameters for high performance and cost effectiveness. It has not reached its saturation point in the market hence it is not discontinued. It proceeds to the year 2016. Year 2014 2015 2016 Price 275 250 246 Results and Decisions The simulations indicate that product X5 and X6 do not make it to the year 2016. Both of them reach saturation points and they no longer attract customers. Product X7 continues in the market in 2016 and the first time customers continue to increase. The results can be interpreted to mean that as long as there is a product whose customers depend on a single attribute, it will certainly attain a saturation point of the price and looses the power to retain customers. At the same time it fails to attract new customers as in the case of product X5 and X6. It leads the management of Clipboard Tablet Company to consider producing more of product X7 than the others. Difference in Results using CVP Analysis (Cost, Volume and Profit) The analysi s of cost, volume and profits enables a company to develop and focus on the approaches that will introduced in connection to the product pricing (Williams & Williams, 2010). It also focuses on the needs of research programs that can improve the productivity and customer satisfaction index of a company. Clipboard Tablet Company can now formulate and implement the strategies that on the basis of Cost, Volume and Profit analysis (CVP). CVP analysis will enable Clipboard Tablet Company to determine the best strategy to use in connection to the pricing of the three products. It also determines when a particular product should be discontinued depending on the contemporary ranges of tablets prices in the market (Drury, 2007). A CVP analysis is an

Curriculum Alignment Essay Example for Free

Curriculum Alignment Essay Curriculum development process are steps and processes where by educational contents are designed, learning activities are specified and evaluation methods are devised in schools. Pugach, M. C. (1996). These are broken down into various subjects that are taught in schools in different classes (grades). In line with this; students’ needs in learning are catered for and should be kept with international standards. The curriculum should be able to promote the learning development and assess the students’ performances. We all are aware that there is no particular effective teaching method but the following instructional methods for a teacher should be used. The teacher’s presentation skills, should explain to the students what is expected of them. In teaching, the teacher should not show distracting manners. The teacher should take instructional levels are into account. In creating a lesson plan for a class the teacher should provide an overview of the lesson, link the lesson to the past session and outline the main points of the lesson this can form an introduction of the lesson. The body of the lesson should be broken into various activities and the lesson should have a conclusion which should state the main points of the lesson and create a link to the next lesson. For example a lesson in problem solving can be taught in grade 3. The lesson outline will ask the student; to name and explain problems that occur in the classroom, in the school or in the family, explain how one makes a choice and accept responsibility and enumerate factors that one considers before making a decision. Also in development a curriculum, the teacher needs to consider the development level of students. Development relates to behavior, which means; the conduct of a student and how he/she relates to others in the social circles. In considering developmental level such as those of children in Kindergarten the curriculum will have to address and include social and emotional lessons in accordance with the child’s developmental level. Therefore, in designing the curriculum questions will be asked in relation on how the child relates internally and externally. There are many ways was that a kindergarten child can be taught pertaining development. For example, a Kindergarten class can have a lesson on drawing of pictures or the teacher can ask them to articulate themselves using dolls/ and puppets. This lesson will teach them creativity. In development of curriculum, special attention has to be taken in regard to special needs of students. Students with disabilities such as those with impaired eyesight need special attention. As opposed to traditional methods where segregating and arranging students based on their abilities was used, today, new ways have come up. In tackling the problem of visual impairments, according to Armstrong (1994), the teacher will be required to develop multi-level and have different instructional ways of teaching such students. For example to teach the visual impaired students, the teacher will have to design charts with specific colors, objects, and shapes to test the perception of the student. The teacher should also test the ability of the student to differentiate 26 alphabetical by teaching the visual impaired skills to identify visual elements of letters. This will be able to benefit the visual impaired. We find that schools are normally structured according to grade levels, and teachers teach using same materials without regard of students’ differences in terms of their levels of understanding and functioning. Cole, R. (1995). Thus, instead of developing a curriculum that is narrow and don’t address this issue, a curriculum which is all inclusive putting in mind students’ differences in terms of learning abilities should be developed. So, an effective curriculum should address these issues; it should ensure a teacher plans lessons for several levels, which test students’ ability at the each level. For 5th grade that have both accomplished and emerging readers, the curriculum should address the reading aspect in regard to various abilities in reading. When preparing a reading lesson in a class with various students a teacher should pay special attention on extensive experiences of the students. The teacher also should select various levels of difficulty in the selected reading lesson to cater for the different students’ ability. The lesson should provide slots for students to read a loud and the teacher should also read to students. The instructions methods of the teacher should also explain vocabularies used in the text and any other techniques used. For example, to assist the students understand what they have read the teacher can encourage them to have a group discussion. Another example of a lesson that can be taught in 5th grade, the teacher can teach use of prefixes e. g. , â€Å"Re† as used in â€Å"reproduce, review rename. † The lesson will can also include language competence in general, student’s ability to differentiate between which words are verbs and which are not, and how to segment and mix language sounds. I n addition informal lessons will be included. This will involve, reading aloud in class to allow the teacher to know mistakes in decoding, and be able to establish the student’s level of fluency and accuracy in reading. The main aim of any curriculum development is to ensure that, the student is able to achieve academic excellence Daniels, H (1998). This will enable the teacher to asses the student’s performance in major areas which are mathematics, reading abilities, and writing skills. Though, standardized tests may not reflect a true picture of the standards it gives a general picture of student performance. In assessing students’ ability in mathematics, which is a study of figures and how they relate and other computations, student’s capacity in arithmetic, and application have to be tested. So the curriculum should be able to asses the learner’s ability analyzing student’s class work, and teach the student on how to sum numbers and subtract them, and how a student can be able to tell an error in summation or subtraction. Further more, the students can be given tasks to perform and shown steps to follow in problem solving. Conclusion Curriculum development and design is very important as what the students is taught at school greatly affects him/her in his future career development. Therefore it must be careful planned and must have a holistic approach in order to address the various disparities of students in terms of physical, emotional and mental abilities. A curriculum needs to reflect the objectives of education and have proper assessments methods to evaluate the students understanding and development as he/she moves from one grade to another. References Armstrong, T. (1994): Multiple intelligences in the classroom. Alexandria, Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Cole, R. (Ed. ). (1995): Educating everybody’s children: Diverse teaching strategies for diverse learners. Alexandria, Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Daniels, H. and Bizar, M. (1998): Methods that matter: Six structures for best practice classrooms. York, Maine: Stenhouse Publishers. Orkwis, R. and McLane, K. (1998): A curriculum every student can use: Design principles for student access. Reston, Virginia: Council for Exceptional Children. Pugach, M. C. and Warger, C. L. (Eds. ) (1996): Curriculum trends, special education, and reform: Refocusing the conversation. New York: Teachers College Press. Tomlinson, C. (1999): The differentiated classroom: Responding to the needs of all learners. Alexandria, Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Ethical issues in advertising

Ethical issues in advertising ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISING INTRODUCTION Human beings create a number of different worlds. One of the worlds that human beings have created is the world of money, trade, commodities and exchange. To an outsider, this often feels like a world full of beauty and ugliness in equal proportions messy, flashy, exotic and sometimes even scary. Advertisers are often so engrossed with the nitty-gritty of the profession and dealing with as well as outsmarting competition, that they are unable to observe and comprehend this phenomenon. The business arena can be viewed as the world of buyers and sellers, producers and consumers, bosses and workers, a world of money. It is in effect nothing less than an ontological category – A Way of Being. It is not accidental to who we are, but rather, it defines the way we relate to each other as well as to the world around us. However, we must realise that it is not the be-all and end-all, and that there are other ways of Being; the most fundamental of these being Ethics. As per Geoffrey Klempner, Ethics is defined by an â€Å"I-thou† relationship as follows: â€Å"When I engage another person in moral dialogue, there are not two parallel processes of practical deliberation going on, his and mine, but only one. â€Å" This is in clear contrast with the case of a dialogue between traders or politicians, where each is privately deliberating as to how to gain the upper hand. In the former case, one is already committed to the practical consequences of agreement, and of doing the action which by the combined light of both the parties valuational perspective, is seen as the thing to be done. Human beings can belong to more than one world, or even move between worlds. We live in the marketplace and also outside of it. We can either play the various roles assigned to us in the game, or we can step outside of our economic personae and observe ourselves from an ethical point of view. Geoffrey Klempner has put forward three propositions as a prolegomenon to a philosophy for business: Business and commerce take place in a frame, in an arena defined by unwritten rules Normalethics is suspended within the business arena The aim of a philosophy for a business is to understand the rules that define the business arena, i.e. to grasp from an ethical perspective, as tohow business is possible When we claim that in the business world normal ethics is suspended, we do not deny the validity of rules of conduct, such as honesty and fairness. Without these universal rules and these values, the game could not be played. However, these obligations do fall far short of the demands of ethics. Advertising plays a major role in consumer marketing. It enables companies to meet their communication as well as other marketing objectives. Advertising is typically used to inform, persuade, and remind consumers. More importantly, it reinforces their attitudes and perceptions. For decades, advertising has been a target of criticism. It has been hailed as an engine of free market economy, a capitalistic virtue, as, and as a promoter of consumer welfare. On the other hand, its detractors accuse it of an array of sins ranging from sexism to deceit and manipulation, as an economic waste to purveying of harmful products, from triviality to moral and intellectual pollution (Mittal, 1994). Many see advertising as a threat to the self realization and to the cultural identity of the developing countries, since: It brings to many people alien ethical values It may deviate consumer demands in the developing countries to areas which might inhibit development priorities It affects and can also often deform ways of life and lifestyles(Mac Bride, 1980) Advertising is considered unethical in the following scenarios: It degrades the rivals product or a substitute product It gives misguiding information/false information It conceals information that vitally affects human life (e.g. Side effects of drugs) It makes exaggerated claims It is obscene or immoral or is against the broad national interest Even though comparative advertising may be considered legal and given the fact that its widespread use may have granted it acceptance, the debate on whether it is ethical or not, still continues to rage. There is however no unanimity or common ground among advertising professionals and marketing clients with regards to such questionable practices. However, all of them agree to this one aspect, that while considering the question of unethical practices, the focus needs to be to safeguard the interest of buyers at the micro level and of the society at the macro level, since their satisfaction remains the key to marketing success. The criticism has not been limited only to its intended effects on society, but also extends to its unintended effects. Most of the criticism has come from the elite observers of society. In contrast to this however, the general public has historically viewed advertising in a much more positive way. Criticisms of advertising have generally originated from the highest socio-economic classes. Since the earliest days of what now entails the modern marketing era and before, lower and middle class people have historically been more positive towards advertising. (Bauer Greyser, 1968; Fullerton Nevett, 1986; Steiner, 1976; Zanot, 1984). In India, we are still unaware of the extent to which these intellectual criticisms reflect the more widely held consumer beliefs and attitudes. To understand the viewpoints and opinions of the Indian public, we must examine as to how advertising is perceived in terms of its economic, social and ethical impacts. BENEFITS OF ADVERTISING Advertising is omnipresent in todays world, with a large proportion of human and also material resources are devoted to the field of advertising. Advertising has a number of benefits, which we can classify under the following heads: Economic Benefits of Advertising Advertising plays a very important role in the process by which an economic system is guided by moral norms and is responsive to the common good that contributes to human development. It is an essential part of the functioning of the modern market economies, which exist, or are emerging in many different parts of the world as well as those which seem to be the most efficient instrument for effective utilization of resources and also for effectively responding to the needs of different socio-economic kinds. Benefits of Political Advertising As a free and a responsible media, in a democratic system, it helps to counteract the tendencies towards monopolization of power on the part of oligarchies and also the special interests. Thus, political advertising can make a significant contribution by informing people about the policy proposals and the ideas of parties and their candidates, also including new candidates who were hitherto unknown to the public. Cultural Benefits of Advertising Advertisers have the opportunity to exert a strong influence on decisions pertaining to media content. They do so by supporting the material of excellent aesthetic, intellectual as well as moral quality that is presented with the greater interest of the public, and is particularly done by encouraging and making it possible for media presentations to be oriented towards those minorities whose needs go unnoticed and thus un-served. Moral and Religious Benefits of Advertising It has often been seen, that benevolent social institutions, including institutions of a religious nature, make in-depth use of advertising in order to communicate their messages. These may be messages of faith, messages of patriotism, messages of tolerance, or even messages of compassion and neighbourly service. The advertised messages may be those of charity towards the needy, messages concerning health and education, as well as constructive and helpful messages that not only educate, but also motivate people in a variety of ways. High involvement in all aspects of media-related activities, including advertising, has today become an essential part of a highly comprehensive pastoral strategy. ETHICS IN ADVERTISING Advertisings visible social role makes it a target for criticism. Some of todays customers believe that a great deal of advertising is unethical because: It adds to the price of the products It is untruthful It tricks people It targets vulnerable people Numerous advertising-related issues are often left to the discretion of the advertisers and are based on ethical concerns: Advocacy à   Advertising tries to persuade the audience to do something that is not correct. It is not objective or neutral. Accuracy à   Subtle messages trouble critics, especially when aimed at groups such as children, the elderly or the disabled. Acquisitiveness à   Consumers are continually persuaded that they continually need more and more new products. However, consumers make the final decision. ETHICAL ISSUES PREVELANT IN ADVERTISING Even though a section of the media and the public lambasted the advertisers and the advertising agencies for the falling scores of decency and taste in advertising, such advertisements raged on and they have now become the order of the day. Brands that were far-fetched from carnality have started showing all-consuming lust in their advertisements. This trend is prevalent in India as well. It began when on 23rd July 1995, a Mumbai tabloid published a photograph of an advertisement for Tuff shoes that showed models Milind Soman and Madhu Sapre, posing in the nude with a python wrapped around them, just about covering the vitals. The protests and controversy dragged on for a long time. The nation pooh-poohed the audacity of the couple, while the advertisement agencies defended their creative rights. The slogan of advertisers now-a-days is â€Å"Love it. Or Hate it. Or think it is offensive. But you have to notice it.† Advertising is largely criticized since selling carries a stigma. Centuries ago, Anacharis had said, the market is a place set aside where men may deceive each other†. Even to this date despite the significant rise in consumerism and despite the efforts to counter market deception, buyers are still gullible and are not particularly on the guard against deception. Under intense competition and declining profits, the perspective of organizations shifts from what is best for the society in the long run, to what is best for the company in the short-run. The advertisers claim that ethics are fine for the secure however all the slipping that a company needs is the desire for a greater market share. Since advertising pertains to a large audience, it belongs refers to the 4th quadrant of the grid shown below. Thus, the question to be asked by advertisers is, â€Å"What makes a good society?† Advertising thus must address the most controversial, collective level welfare issues. ADVERTISING AREAS THAT COME UNDER THE SCRUTINY OF ETHICS Advertising ethics affects both the practice of our lives and of business, in subtle as well as prominent ways. Ethics in advertisements concern us all in one way or the other. The areas under the scrutiny of the critics are: TYPES OF ADVERTISEMENTS For sex related products Instead of generating awareness among people about the necessity of safe sex and the benefits of birth control, condom advertisements continue to intrigue the audience and especially the youth with the unique feel that it has to offer. E.g. Moods Condoms For health care and professional services The slimming centres which promise miraculous weight reduction and the cosmetic surgery clinics which assure a permanent solution to all beauty problems. E.g. VLCC Slimming Centre For vices with fatal effects Tobacco chewing ads Commercials of alcoholic beverages that tempt the non-alcoholics to have a sip Gambling In early 2001, the Government of India announced that it would table a bill banning the tobacco companies from advertising their products and from sponsoring sports and cultural events. This example brings to the fore both the commercial and ethical dimensions of such a ban. It helps us to understand the role of ethics in a business decision and to understand where to draw the line in making decisions, which involve both ethical and commercial considerations. The element of social responsiveness as well as social responsibility attached to a business ethics dimension results in corporate strategy or even in formulating a business policy. Thus, we see that the connotation of ethics goes beyond the illegal acts of professional managers or even entrepreneurs. It covers the entire gamut of business operation, including ethics in advertising. PUFFERY Puffery refers to the exaggerated claim of a products superiority or it could also be the use of subjective/vague statements that may not be true in the literary sense. The Uniform Commercial Code is responsible for standardizing sales and business practices throughout the U.S. It makes a distinction between puffery as well as any specific or quantifiable statement about the product quality or the performance that constitutes an â€Å"express warranty.† For example, a diner advertisement promoting what it claims to be the worlds best cup of coffee would classify as puffery. Such a claim would be almost impossible to substantiate, and no reasonable consumer would fall for it and take such an exaggeration at its face value. Puffery often makes use of the superlative form of a word, like best or greatest. Puffery might also at times exaggerate the advertised effects of a particular product. SUBLIMINAL ADVERTISING One that is transferred in such a way that the receiver is not consciously aware of receiving it. Subliminal means something that registers below the level of the conscious human mind. The brain perceives all the information in theory however the mind does not interpret the information for a meaning. Numerous studies indicate that quite often, we actually do perceive information at the subliminal level. A good example would be as to how often one would notice when the speedometer in the car is about to roll over to a bunch of zeroes. One doesnt consciously notice the mileage on the car ever so often, but the zeroing does make us pay attention. While driving to work, how many cars do we pass? What makes and models were they a part of? The only ones that we paid particular attention to were most probably the really neat cars or those cars which were driven by the people we recognize. If we notice something consciously, then it ceases to be subliminal anymore. Inserting subliminal messages in advertisements is an inherently misleading action. It involves an attempt to manipulate the thinking of a person, without the person even realizing it. The West has seen a considerable number of subliminal advertisements and related hullabaloos. This is primarily because the advertisement, marketing and the regulating media themselves have been quite active while raising such issues. During the US Presidential elections of the year 2000, it was found that a political advertisement for the candidature of George W. Bush subliminally flashed the word RATS while criticizing candidate Al Gores plan for prescription medicine. While the ad maker was prompt in denying that the quickly flashed word was in fact a subliminal message designed to sling mud at Gore, a large number of people, however, had concluded that RATS was indeed inserted with the surreptitious intention of subliminally causing the viewers to associate Al Gore with vermin. The questionable wo rd appeared on the screen only for a microsecond, thus passing by so fast that it was almost not recognizable to the conscious mind, especially when the mind was already passively lulled by television. As per the theory of subliminal advertising, the image would, actually register in the viewers subconscious mind, thus causing the viewer to negatively associate candidate Al Gore with a rat/rodent. TYPES OF APPEALS IN ADVERTISEMENTS Use of questionable appeals The advertisements that bank on negative appeal and fear like neighbours envy, feud, jealousy etc. are part of this category. Nimbus Neo Sports (Neo) had bagged the telecast rights for the India-West Indies and also the India-Sri Lanka series to be held in India. In January 2007, an ad campaign was launched by Nimbus with the pay-off line being Its tough being a West Indian in India. One of the advertisements in this series showed a West Indian desperately searching for some water to quench his thirst, as his palette is unable to handle the spicy Indian food. However, the Indians put their dirty fingers and their dentures into the water in order to deny him from having a drink. Another advertisement showed a West Indian couple along with an Indian boatman, on a boat-ride. On reaching the centre of the deep lake, the boatman throws the oars into the lake and then disrobes; giving the impression that he would assault the girl. Then, he jumps into the lake leaving the distraught couple stuck in the middle of the lake. Media experts have opined that what according to Nimbus was a creative way of showcasing the competitive spirit in India, as well as creating hype around its new sports channel, had actually trod the fine line between creative and unconventional advertising and respecting the ethical sensibilities of the people. It was felt by some critics that the two advertisements that were shown in the campaign, were in bad taste and also was offensive, since it showed people being mistreated, on the basis of colour/nationality. The advertisements were also criticized for showing Indians in bad light as India has always been known for its hospitality. Stereotypical appeals This includes sexual or racial stereotyping. Advertisements that imply that a woman, whether in the kitchen or in the boardroom, must look sensuous and inviting under any given circumstances, is an apt example of advertisements creating stereotypes. The fairness creams are also responsible for stereotyping the dusky women as being socially less desired for marriage. Other stereotypes that are often portrayed and concretized through advertisements are: Racial Ethnic Stereotypes Senior Citizens Gay Lesbian Consumers LARGER EFFECTS ON THE SOCIETY Given their wide reach and influence on the audience, we must realise that advertisements have significant impact on society in the long run: Value formation Advertisements are responsible for moulding society and the material wants of the people. The advertisements which display scantily clad female models in effect commoditize women. Moreover, the deluge of advertisements that increase ones propensity of consumption makes one feel that it is essential to possess a certain commodity in order to show that one belongs to a particular section (generally, higher echelon) of the society. Media content This refers to the information content of advertisements. Those advertisements which suggest the usage of preserved food items without even the slightest mention of the fact that many of the preservatives used have been proved to have carcinogenic effects are part of this category. Use of deception The advertisements of brands which conceal their negative aspects are included in this category. An example of this is the advertisements of cosmetics which say nothing at all about the long-term effects of using their products on a regular basis. Also, the advertisements of various educational institutes that wrongly claim to provide 100 percent placement to their students fall into this category. Advertisements targeting children and adolescents The advertisements that target the vulnerability of the adolescents and the children result in the creation of role models whom these kids are expected to emulate. This in turn shapes their dreams and aspirations in a truly unbecoming way. ADVERTISERS CONCERN Voice/Tone of the advertisement Comparative advertisements that thrive on inflicting vitriolic attacks on rivals are an example of this category. Copying of ideas and plagiarising of advertisements in the ad world is another such menace. Impediments to research on Ethics in Advertising There exist certain impediments to research on advertising ethics: Lack of practitioner interest Research is often impeded by the inapplicability of published findings to the business operations. Another reason for the same might be the disinterest of corporations in sponsoring research on advertising ethics as also is the funding constraint that cause researchers to rely only on a convenience sample. Lack of sound measures and framework Research is also impeded by a lack of psychometrically sound measurement scales and also a lack of theoretical frameworks in the field of advertising/marketing. Lack of relevant theories in related disciplines Research is also sometimes hampered by theoretical shortcomings in the fields of psychology, sociology, anthropology, management, philosophy and advertising/ marketing. Lack of academic interest Research is often impeded by the lack of a journal editor and the difficulty that researchers face when trying to relate ethical issues to the traditional advertising issues. Why be ethical? During the 83rd Annual Management Conference of the American Association of Advertising Agencies, Keith Reinhardt, the Chairman and the Chief Executive of the US $15-billion company DDB Worldwide Communications Group, quoted the legendary co-founder of DDB, Bill Bernbach: All of us who professionally use the mass media are the shapers of the society. We can vulgarize that society. We can brutalize it. Or we can help lift it onto a higher level. It might be misconstrued that Reinhad is against the edgy and the unconventional advertising means, however, that is not the case. He is against prurient sex, filthy humour and violence in advertisements. By making a success story out of the advertisements that are offensive to public decency, the message being put forth is disturbingly clear: the more rude and shocking you can be, the more successful you will be in advertising your product. Moreover, such advertisements send out faulty signals to the youngsters who represent and shape the future of our society. The people to blame for this are young creative directors who take pride in their eccentric thought process. Not only this, but the advertising industry also encourages this through machineries from Cannes to Clios that help place such creations on the pedestal. Passion is, without doubt, the most important ingredient in creative achievement. However, its flame need not necessarily leap for bullets, obscenity and falsehoods alone. It is essential to reinforce the virtue of positive passion in todays advertising world. It is imperative that ethics is a part of advertising, since we have a duty to live a good and fulfilling moral life. This duty is equally applicable to our business lives as well as our private lives. Marketing professionals also know that strong ethics do bring in good business. REGULATORY FACTORS AFFECTING ADVERTISING LEGISLATION The Federal Trade Commissions main focus regarding advertising is to identify and eliminate advertisements that are deceptive or those that mislead the consumer. The key areas of concern in this regard are: Deception The current policy on deception contains three basic elements: Where there is omission, practice or representation, there must be a high probability that it will mislead the consumer A â€Å"reasonable customers† perspective is used to judge deception The deception must lead to material injury As is evident from these basic elements, deception, in most cases becomes difficult to prove. Thus, even though an advertisement might be indulging in deceptive practices that do not strictly fall under the purview of the above mentioned elements, it cannot be prohibited. Reasonable basis for making a claim The reasonability of a claim is decided on a case-by-case basis. The following factors are taken into consideration in this regard: Type specificity of the claim made Type of product Possible consequence of the false claim The degree of reliance by consumers on the claim made The type and accessibility of the evidence available for making the claim Comparative Advertising Comparative advertising refers to an advertisement in which a particular product/service mentions the name of the competitor for the purpose of showing why the competitor is inferior to the product which is naming it. Comparative advertising by companies are on some occasions used to put down products of rival firms, without any basis or facts. This leads to unhealthy competition in the marketplace. Comparative advertising is considered deceptive unless: Comparisons made are based on facts The differences that are being advertised are statistically significant The comparisons made involve meaningful issues The comparisons are made to meaningful competitors In the 1980s during the period that has been now referred to as thecola wars,the soft drinkmanufacturerPepsiran a series of advertisements in which t showed people caught on hidden camera, and administered a blind taste test, chose Pepsi over arch rivalCoca-Cola. Endorsements An endorser or a testimonial refers to any advertising message that consumers believe reflects the opinions, beliefs or experiences of an individual, a group, or an institution. Endorsers must: Be qualified by experience or training to make judgements They must actually use the product SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY As per Phillip Kotler, â€Å"An organizations Task is to determine the needs, wants and interests of the target markets and to deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than its competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the consumers and the societys Well-Being.† Thus we see that organizations do have a responsibility towards society, apart from achieving their individual profit targets. An organization can exhibit two levels of social responsibility: Level One à   Being socially responsible is a business philosophy Level Two à   The advertiser is engaged in Pro-social Messaging An organization also exhibits different approaches to social responsibility: Obstructionist Stance à   Organization does as little as possible i.e. exhibits a low degree of social responsibility Defensive Stance à   Organization does only what is legally required Accommodative Stance à   Organization meets legal ethical requirements and sometimes also goes beyond what is required Proactive Stance à   Organization seeks opportunities to be socially responsible i.e. exhibits a high degree of social responsibility There are also different levels of Self Regulation that are often seen in organizations: Self-Discipline à   An organization develops, uses and enforces the norms by itself Pure Self Regulation à   The industry is the one which develops, uses and enforces norms Co-Opted Self Regulation à   Industry voluntarily involves non-industry people in the development, application and enforcement of norms UNETHICAL ADVERTISING ON THE INTERNET http://www.rubak.com/article.cfm?ID=13 CONCLUSION Thus, we have seen the various types of advertisements that fall under the purview of unethical advertising, and have also seen the far reaching effects of the circumvention of ethics and morals on the society at large. Wherever freedom of speech and communication exists, it is then largely up to the advertisers themselves in order to ensure that ethically responsible practices are being conducted in their profession. Besides avoiding abuses and falling out of line with the ethical dimension of advertising, the responsible advertiser should also make it a point to undertake the repair and the harm sometimes caused by advertising. Since unethical practices have become commonplace, conscientious advertisers must take it upon themselves to make significant personal sacrifices in order to correct them. However, people who want to do things that are morally right must be prepared to suffer loss and also at times personal injury, rather than doing what is wrong. This does not mean that adv ertising, as we know of it today, be eliminated from the contemporary world. Advertising is an integral element in modern day society, especially with regards to the functioning of a market economy, which is becoming more and more widespread. Moreover, as described in the report earlier, advertising can, and often does play a fairly constructive role in the exchange of information, economic growth, and the ideas, and also in the fostering of solidarity among groups as well as individuals. Despite this, we must keep in mind, that it can als

An Urge to Write :: Personal Narratives Writing Essays

An Urge to Write Everyone seems to have a reason for liking or disliking writing. It seems to stem from past experiences, or things writing has done for someone or not done for someone. For me, writing is a privilege and I enjoy writing immensely. It’s hard to put my finger on one distinct reason I take pleasure in writing but I think one of the causes for my appreciation of writing stems back to about two years ago. I was a sophomore in high school, and it was basically a tradition that my friend Jess and I would get together sporadically on various Friday nights. She would come to my house in the early evening hours, and we would start our walk. As soon as we would turn the corner of my block I’d light up my cigarette and we’d begin our recollection of the week’s events. On one particular Friday in October we began our walk as we had any other. The air had a cool brisk quality about it but we weren’t really bothered by the sudden chill and just kept walking. We walked throughout town for a few hours just walking and talking, laughing and acting hysterical and crazy over the most minute details of that week’s happenings. We walked till the street lights shown bright on the black streets before us and then we went to our usual stop after our walk. We entered the restaurant just like we had so many times before. We took our seat at the regular booth with the torn vinyl and wooden sides etched with the signatures of the many who had sat in the booth before us. The air reeked of grease and cigarette smoke and was polluted by the sound of senseless chatter from the thirty or so people that crowded this tiny room the size of a large closet. Yet, neither the smell, or the noise or the dà ©cor of dollar bills littering the walls bothered us. This was our tradition as corny and juvenile as it was we knew we would always treasure this special and unusual little place. We sat at our little booth and began our own little chatter fest there.

Increasing the Gas Tax Would Cause an Improvement in the Environment Es

Increasing the Gas Tax Would Cause an Improvement in the Environment Many people all over the world are concerned about pollution. Gasoline use in automobiles is one of the major causes of pollution. When gasoline is used it releases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen oxide. These are gasses that contribute to the Greenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse Effect refers to the trapping of the sun's radiation and is also used synonymously with Global Warming (greenfuels.org). Governments are trying to come up with alternatives to gasoline to improve or at least not hurt our environment as much as gasoline does. There are things we can do to help out the environment. One suggestion is better public transportation systems. For example, Des Moines has a public bus system, but not very many people use it and the busses do not reach all parts of the city. As a result, many people drive themselves to work instead of taking the bus and saving gasoline. Another way to cut emissions of vehicles is a type of vehicle that uses an electric motor or a vehicle that uses both an electric and gasoline motor which cuts gasoline use. Also there are alternatives to gasoline that do not release as many harmful agents into the environment. Ethanol and hydrogen are two examples that are more environmentally friendly than gasoline. So, if the federal government were to increase the gas tax by one dollar per gallon, the public would have more incentive to buy the alternatives that are better for our environment than gasoline because of the much higher price. Also, with the increase in the gas tax the money would g ive funds toward the environment. With the increased gas tax, there will be extra money that will enable the government to do things fo... ...ne, most of which are much better for the environment than the gasoline that we are currently using. Even if people did not look for alternatives, there would be money to help out environmental issues. Different vehicles, hydrogen, and ethanol are things that have already been proven to be safer for the environment than gasoline. Just think, if we don't give up on looking for other alternatives what we may think of and we could save our environment in the process. Sources Cited Ford Motor Company: HEV. 11 October 2001. http://www.escapehev.com/index.aps Canadian Renewable Fuels Association: Home of Canada's greenfuels. 10 January 2001. Canadian Renewable Fuels Association 11 October 2001 http://greenfuels.org Alternative Fuel Systems Inc.: Innovative Environmental Technologies. Alternative Fuel Systems Inc. 11 October 2001 http://altfuelsys.com/

Product Design

Executive summary Contents: 1. Introduction 2. 0Current design 2. 1Product Description 2. 2Applications 2. 3Value analysis 2. 4Product life cycle 2. 5Manufacturing method and materials 3. 1Re- Design 3. 2Value analysis 3. 3Design for manufacture 3. 4Design for assembly 3. 5Design for Dis-assembly 3. 6Design for sustainability 4. 1Conclusion References Appendix Executive Summary A blinder is a smooth maker which provides various services. It has different kind of functions and used in household and restaurant. The operation method is very simple. Input Ac current from a wall socket and ingredients needed to mix a desire finish goods as output. To develop or re-design a new product that will be appealing to the consumers. This is challenges for any kind of product. We analysed this product used various tools such as value analysis. From analysis this report explained there are little room to improvement for design, manufacture and assembly. The many component of the product made from plastic and which is cheap as produce with economic of scale and recycle these parts easy. This report will explain about sustainability and how EU control the waste by the implementing low. Introduction: The main objective of the blinder is to mix different ingredients to form of a new product, e. g. banana shake involved with mixing banana and milk. This is not always easy to bland because of different out put required different speeds to create a good mix. Because of that a blander will provide several speed settings. For smooth, well mixed products, it becomes necessary that a blinder will able to spin at a Varity of speed. The speed can be varying with the desirable output. The redesign of the product can be produce with economics of scale with maintain of environmental issue. Weihrich & Koontz (2005) explain that, create product ideas by examining consumers needs and screening the various alternatives, after the product is designed, prepare to lay out of the facilities to be used, plan the system of production, and schedule the various tasks that must be done. 2. 0 Current design: This type of blender can be made of glass, plastic, stainless steel or porcelain. Design is a problem solving activity (Lecture notes). Designer must be developing a product or service that meets a customer wants and needs through dissatisfaction. (Appendix 1). The demanded for the blinder is defined. The PDS shows that top of the container are a lid to prevent ingredients from escaping during operation. At the bottom is a blade assembly, sometimes removable for cleaning purposes. In cases where the blades are removable, the container should an o-ring between the body of the container and the base to seal the container and prevent the contents from leaking. The container rests upon a base that contains a motor for turning the blade assembly and has controls on its surface. Most current blenders offer a number of possible speeds. Low – powered blenders require some liquid to be added for the blender to operate correctly. High-powered blenders are capable of milling grains and crushing ice without such assistance. 2. 1 product description: Stand Blender XB9196G -5 Speeds with pulse -Capacity: 1. 5 L -Powerful 450 W motor -Stainless steel blade -Transplant glass Jug. -Voltage: 120V/230V -Wattage: 500/450 W 2. 2 Application: First, after remove the blender from the box and plug it in to a 120V wall socket. The consumer must then assemble it by placing the lid on the pitcher, the nozzle on the bottom, and attach the pitcher to the blade turner. Second, the pitcher can only fit in to the base one way because of the grooves and the markings. Third, the consumer would then fill the pitcher with whatever they would like to blend before adjusting the speed. There are three options: smooth, mix, and pulse. These basic descriptions for the speeds are clear and easy to understand. â€Å"Smooth† could be perceived as blending something thoroughly therefore it is the higher speed of the two locking buttons. Mix is slower and could be perceived as more stirring. Pulse can be used to intermittently blend the contents of the pitcher at a highest speed. Forth, trying to keep consumers hand on the top of the blender while pushing the buttons can lead to some difficulty. To pour, the consumer removes the top of the blender and grasps it by the handle or the grooves. To store the blender, unplug it and clean thoroughly. Fifth, to clean, the consumer takes apart the blender by removing the pitcher from the blade holder by twisting. This is usually kept tight so that liquid does not leak out the bottom therefore it is difficult to remove. Once the base is screwed off, the blades are easy to access. The nozzle must have water passed through to clean thoroughly but it is not intuitive how to screw the nozzle apart. 2. 3 Value analysis: (VA) Value is monetary terms of product and services relates with consumer desirability, worth and utility. ‘Value analysis is an organised programme to optimise the value of the product by eliminating unnecessary cost. (Lecture notes). The price for the final consumer can be reduced by the producing as bulk. The Fixed cost (FC) should set up as minimise level as possible and control on Variable cost (VC). When Marginal cost will be Zero, there will be possible to reduce the price than competitors. But the some of the specific components production cost is higher than other parts of the blender. The Pareto Principle (also known as the 80-20 rule) states that 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. 2. 4 Product life cycle: PLC goes through many phases, required skills, knowledge and many professional disciplines. As a product blander is a mature product as voice of the customer. But according to manufacturing it may not be mature product. Because of this product still required many components. There are four things to assert for PLC: 1. Product have a limited life. 2. Product sales pass through different stages and face different challenges. 3. Profits rise and fall in different stages. . Product required combination of marketing, finance, manufacturing, purchasing, RD, HR in each life cycle stages. A blinder is in a perfect competition market. So manufacturer need to combine different marketing and production mechanism with efficiently and effectively. So, Boone and kartz (1990) explain four stages through which a successful product passes: introduction, growth, matu rity, and decline. 2. 5 Manufacturing method and materials: The current product main four components: The motor, base, the pitcher and operational control. The pitcher made from glass. The component made from glass, plastic and stainless steel. 3. 0 Re-design: Redesign of the product transforms the quality better. So what is quality? Galloway ET (2000) explains that this represents the degree to which the design of the product or service meets the requirements of the market. Re-design of the blinder is not dramatic change. There are two major changes than previous model. The jar made by glass (previous) new model made from plastic. There are two main reasons, e. g. it is very cost effective as a material used and re-cycle is more environmental friendly. Another major change is touching Pad. There ware knob for the increase and decrease of the speed (old model). New model touch pad is implemented by numbers. Because of easy to operate in terms of level of speed required for specific output and usable friendly for all kind of consumer. (Appendix 2). This report will explain about different component of the blinder in re-assemble section. 3. 1 Value analysis: Value is interpreted in macro sense; it does not explain not only the cost of material but factor of other productions. The final product needs to face challenges of satisfactory. Does the product value with money? The utility of new jar can be appropriate with SMART analysis. Consumers can relay on this product as any condition of mixer. But glass jar is not friendly with hot condition of mixer. This product is Hazard Free to use, easy to maintenance and the life time depends on use. But it is completely disposal product. There is little sound pollution during operating time. 3. 2 Design for manufacturer: The current product is composed of 4 major components: the pitcher, motor, base, and operator control. The pitcher is made of plastic and is made by injection molding. The subparts of the pitcher are assembled with the use of fasteners. The parts of the pitcher are ease of assembly. There is a blade holder assembly at the base of the plastic pitcher. This piece is plastic and is used to attach the pitcher to the base of the blender. This blender blade fixture is also plastic. But it needs to be bored out with a drill through the middle forming an area for a long screw from the blade assembly. The production of the blades is from a slab of metal where slices of equivalent sizes are taken in order to produce mass amounts of blades at one time. The blender blade setup uses two identical blades 90 degrees to each other that sit on top of one another that are kept in place with simple washers and a long screw. The second major component is the motor which is inside the base and directly under the pitcher. The motor is produce from a specialized motor company. The problem of heat transfer must be examined. The heat produced from the motor will not melt the parts nearby. The motor is made to fit under the base and is sufficiently mounted. The mounting clips are under the blender base and are made to withstand the movement associated with the vibrations from the motor. The mounting clips are extensions on the base allowing for more strength. However, many parts of the motor attachment are attached by gluing which may result in problems with reusing or taking apart the glued components during the assembly process. The third main component is the base. It is made of plastic and is mass produced most likely by injection molding. The base is made durable enough to withstand added liquid in the pitcher as well as a running motor. The last component is the operator control that allows the user to choose different blending speeds. 3. Designs for Assembly: The blender actually consisted of over 50 components. Although we only mentioned the 4 main parts of the blender assembly, the actual manufacturing process was actually very difficult and time consuming due to the mass amount of components and attachments. The future design for the blender would most definitely need to reduce the amount of components to speed up the rate of the manufacturing process. 3. 4 Design for dis- assembly: This report will explain all component of a blinder. So readers can get the information in micro level of the operation. Pitcher: Pitcher made from plastic and it holds liquid and it injection moulding. Cover: Cover top of the pitcher made from plastic and has two parts of moulding. Handle parts: This is for the user to hold pitcher and made from plastic. Pitcher Nozzle: It’s manufacturing process injection moulding and dispenses liquid from pitcher. It is made from plastic. Plunger stick: It is converts force of nozzle into plunger and made from plastic. Plunger Rubber: The function of this part opens up passage for liquid flow and made from rubber. Round Knob: The function of this part directs plunger stick and made from plastic. Plunger washer: The manufacturing process of this part is stamped and function is distributes load over spring. This is made from aluminium. Spring: Spring loads the nozzle lever and made from steel. The manufacturing process is coiled. Nozzle Lever: This pat use for dispense liquid and made from plastic. Blade Subassembly: Upper blade: The main function of this part is cuts food and ice and made from steel. The manufacturing process is milling stamping bending. Lower blade: This part has similar function like upper part. It has same weight as well. Blade shift: The function of this part is transmit rotation of blade turner to blades and made from steel. Washer: The function of this part is distributes load evenly on blade and made from hard fiver. The manufacturing process is stamping. 3Flange Nut: It is attached blade holder to shift and made from steel. Blade Holder: The main function connects blade to pitcher and made from plastic. Bearing: This part made from brass and main function is allows blade to rotate in respect to holder. Blade holder O-ring: It main function is reduces liquid drip page and made from rubber and manufacturing process is injection moulding. Yellow clip ring: This part attaches pitcher to motor cover and made from plastic. White black ring on blade holder: It has similar function of blade holder o-ring. Blade turner: The main function is transmits rotation of motor shaft to blade shaft and made from steel or plastic. Motor sub- assembly: There are few parts e. g. damper, damper/blade washer, motor/damper washer, motor/damper bias, motor cover screw washer and another three main components e. g. Motor fan: The main function of this part is to reduces temperature of motor and maid from plastic. Upper and lower motor bracket: This part made from either plastic or aluminium or copper. The function is holding the motor in place. Motor Assembly: The function is the magnetic field run generates an magnetic field on the motor. This part made from plastic. User interface subassembly: Base and motor cover: Both are made from plastic. One function covers the top of the motor and another cover the bottom of the motor. The other parts of the components are motor cover screws, base screws, button, spring, bottom bracket, signal transmitter. 3. 5 Design for sustainability: Sustainable design is also called ‘Green design, ‘eco design’. It is art of designing physical objectives, the build environment comply with the economic, social and ecological sustainability. Most of the parts of blander are non-toxic and almost all components are recyclable and required little energy to process. The product has powerful 450 W motor which required 120V which require less energy. This is more household and restaurant useable product so it lasting longer. The most of the materials can be use in commercial new production afterlife. The processing of e-waste is causes serious health and pollution problems. The technology change, low initial costs have the fasted growing problem around the world. In the 1990 some of the European countries banned the disposal the electronic waste in lands fields. All unwanted electronic goods can return to sales points with free of charge. This is the producer responsibility for dispose. The EU implemented a system in 2003, under the waste Electrical and electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE 2002/96/EC). The directives transform in national low. The producer should collect their goods from customer and dispose it ecologically friendly manner. 4. 0 Conclusion: Re-design of the blinder is more cost effective and can be produce by economic of scale. It needs to satisfy the consumer demand and needs to face competition in the market. It had been redesign cost effectively and use environmentally friendly. The all components can be reusable for produce of the other new product. The production organisation has more CSR in terms of disposal. As finished goods it needs to face different stages of life. It can be redesign with the time goes and market mechanism change. There are more R&D required for this product in terms of assembly and noise pollution. References: Galloway L and Rowbotham F & Azhashemi M (2000) Operations Management in Context. 1st edi. Oxford, BH. Weihrich H & Koontz H (2005) Management. 11th edi. London, Mc Graw hill. Boone L & Kurtz D (1990) Contemporary Business. 6th edi. London. The Dryden Press. Lecture notes http: //direct. asda. com/on/demandware. store/sites-ASDA-site http:// inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blblender. htm. Appendix :1 Design Flow chat